2010年9月,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)电子卷烟公司-包括E-CigaretteDirect、Ruyan America和Johnson’s Creek Enterprises——他们违反了联邦食品、药品和化妆品法(FDCA)[来源:FDA]。FDA列出的违规行为包括未经证实的声明和不良的生产工艺。然而,FDA愿意与电子烟公司合作进行必要的研究,以证明该设备是有效和安全的。当然,“让买家小心”的概念也适用于电子香烟:谨慎的消费者可能希望监控产品的可持续发展,并在获得更多证据之前暂停设备的试用。
2015年,公共卫生部(Public Health England,PHE)电子烟至少比传统香烟减少了95%,不得不说是电子烟烟民的强心针。然而,尽管国内自媒体“电子烟毒性是香烟的7倍”的说法很流行,但“减害95”%“它已经成为电子烟的法宝,但大多数电子烟民不明白为什么它更安全,为什么它是95%,而不是94%、96%,凡叔带你去追根溯源地抚摸。
为了更好地理解“至少95减害”%“陈述的起源,我们需要看看独立科学药品委员会(Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs,ISCD)国际专家组召集的另一项研究。后者的研究人员“开发了一种多标准的决策分析模型,描述了与使用含尼古丁产品相关的不同类型伤害的相对重要性”。
[1] Britton, J. and Bogdanovica, I., Electronic cigarettes: A report commissioned by Public Health England. London: Public Health England, 2014
[2] McNeill, A., Brose, L.S., Calder, R., Hitchman, S.C., Hajek, P., and McRobbie, H., E-cigarettes: an evidence update – A report commissioned by Public Health England, 2015
[3] Nutt, D. J., et al., Estimating the harms of nicotine-containing products using the MCDA approach.European addiction research, 2014
[4] Hajek, P., et al., Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction, 2014
[5] Jensen, R. P., et al., Hidden Formaldehyde in E-Cigarette Aerosols. New England Journal of Medicine, 2015
[6] Farsalinos, C., E-cigarette aerosols generates high levels of formaldehyde only in ‘dry puff’ conditions. Addiction, (in press)
[7] Hecht, S.S., et al., Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2014
[8] Sussan, T. E., et al., Exposure to Electronic Cigarettes Impairs Pulmonary Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Viral Defenses in a Mouse Model. PLoS One, 2015
[9] Lerner, C.A., et al., Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung.PLoS One, 2015
[10] Hajek, P., et al., Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction, 2014
[11] Polosa, R., et al., Effect of smoking abstinence and reduction in asthmatic smokers switching to electronic cigarettes: evidence for harm reversal. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2014
[12] McRobbie, H., et al., Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014
[13] Alistair Servet,How is vaping 95% safer than smoking, 2019